From epoch-making social reforms to significant milestones in aerospace, September 18 has been a date of considerable historical importance. As we stroll down the corridors of time, we gain insight into events that have, in many ways, moulded the contours of our current global landscape.
Today in History: 18 September
1. 1793: The Laying of the U.S. Capitol Cornerstone by George Washington
The ceremonial cornerstone of the U.S. Capitol building was laid by President George Washington in Washington, D.C. The Capitol stands as a symbol of the American people and their government. Its Neo-classical design, which incorporates elements of ancient European architecture, reflects the architects’ and the nation’s desire to link the new republic to the great civilizations of the past. Over the years, it has been expanded and renovated, but its significance as a beacon of democracy remains undiminished.
2. 1809: The Treaty of Fredrikshamn is Signed
This treaty concluded the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia. As a result, Sweden ceded a significant portion of its eastern territories, which constitute present-day Finland, to Russia. This event led to the creation of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland under Russian rule, laying the groundwork for Finland’s modern boundaries.
3. 1851: The First Edition of the ‘New York Times’ is Published
Originally published as the New York Daily Times,’ this newspaper would grow to become one of the most influential and widely read publications globally. Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the paper aimed to report the news in a straightforward and unbiased manner. Its commitment to journalistic excellence is underscored by the numerous Pulitzer Prizes it has won over the years.
4. 1873: The Panic of 1873 Begins
Triggered by the bankruptcy of the banking firm Jay Cooke & Company, the Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that led to a severe international economic depression in both Europe and North America. Lasting until 1879 (and longer in some areas), it produced widespread unemployment and caused political upheaval, leading to significant economic reforms.
5. 1914: The Battle of Aisne Begins
A pivotal battle in World War I, the First Battle of Aisne saw French and British forces attempting to outflank the right wing of the German First Army. This battle marked the commencement of trench warfare, which would characterize much of World War I’s Western Front. It was a gruelling form of combat, with both sides facing massive casualties.
6. 1947: The United States Air Force (USAF) is Established
Emerging from the U.S. Army Signal Corps’ Aeronautical Division, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. Since its inception, the Air Force has been at the forefront of military aviation development, playing a crucial role in many global conflicts and peacekeeping missions.
7. 1961: United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld Dies in a Plane Crash
One of the most active and well-respected Secretaries-General in the history of the U.N., Dag Hammarskjöld, tragically died in a plane crash under mysterious circumstances while on a peace mission to the Congo. His leadership style, emphasizing personal diplomacy and impartiality, won him a posthumous Nobel Peace Prize in 1961.
8. 1977: Vietnam Joins the United Nations
After years of conflict and isolation from the Western bloc during the Cold War, Vietnam was finally admitted to the United Nations. This event was symbolic of Vietnam’s reintegration into the international community and the gradual normalization of relations between Vietnam and Western countries.
Notable Births on 18 September:
- 1709: Samuel Johnson, an English writer, was born. Often referred to as Dr. Johnson, he is best known for ‘A Dictionary of the English Language,’ one of the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language.
- 1905: Greta Garbo, a Swedish-American actress, was born. Renowned for her luminous screen presence and beauty, Garbo was a major star of Hollywood’s silent and early sound eras.
Notable Deaths on 18 September:
- 1964: Clive Bell, an English art critic and theorist, passed away. He is best remembered for developing the concept of “significant form,” which describes the visual stimulus that provokes aesthetic emotion in the viewer.
Conclusion:
September 18th serves as a lens through which we can view the ebb and flow of history. The events of this day stretch across various domains, from culture and media to politics and warfare. They remind us of humanity’s ceaseless march forward, its triumphs and tragedies, and its enduring spirit. As we reflect on these moments, we are prompted to consider not only the events themselves but also their lingering effects on our world today. The annals of September 18 offer a rich tapestry of stories that continue to inform, inspire, and intrigue.